Browse Documents by Date
5000 BCE
2404 BCE
2350 BCE
2250 BCE
2200 BCE
1990 BCE
1770 BCE
Hymn of the Righteous Sufferer
1752 BCE
1700-1200 BCE BCE
1650 BCE
1569 BCE
1500 BCE
1473 BCE
Divine Birth and Coronation Inscriptions of Hatshepsut
1446 BCE
1400-400 BCE BCE
1348 BCE
1300 BCE
1259 BCE
1115 BCE
960 BCE
725 BCE
700 BCE
650 BCE
Aristotle: Constitution of Sparta
528 BCE
500 BCE
479 BCE
475 BCE
451 BCE
450 BCE
431 BCE
400–300 BCE
400 BCE
380 BCE
Plato: “Of Wealth, Justice, Moderation, and Their Opposites”
335–323 BCE
Aristotle: “The Nature, End, and Origin of the States”
320 BCE
Aristotle: Athenian Constitution
Aristotle: Constitution of Carthage
300 BCE
280 BCE
257 BCE
Rock and Pillar Edicts of Asoka
250 BCE
230 BCE
200 BCE
150 BCE
141 BCE-224 CE BCE
100 BCE
74 BCE
Huan Kuan: Discourses on Salt and Iron
59 BCE
Lucretius: On the Nature of Things
44 BCE
Law of Caesar on Municipalities
14 CE
48-52
Bible: Letter of Paul to the Galatians
50
60-90
Ban Gu: “Treatise on Food and Money”
80
94
98
100
120–180
Gospel According to Mary Magdalene
150
Arrian: The Campaigns of Alexander
170-180
200
200
240
245
Wang Bi: “Outline Introduction to the Laozi”
250
311 and 313
Laws Ending Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
325
350
364–370
380
400
413–426
Augustine of Hippo: City of God
438
500 BCE
500
Dionysius the Areopagite: The Celestial Hierarchy
525
534
560–590
Yan Zhitui: Family Instructions for the Yen Clan
575-600?
Yao Zui: “Continued Classifications of Painters”
604
Japanese Seventeen-Article Constitution
610
637
646
New Year’s Day Taika Reform Edict
700
720
750
802
807
819
Han Yu: “Memorial on the Buddha’s Bones”
832–873
870
921
924–939
II Aethelstan; or, the Grately Code
927
943
1019
1044
Ouyang Xiu: “On the Partisanship of Friends”
1045
1045–1058
1076
Henry IV of Germany and Pope Gregory VII: Letter and Ban
1082–1083
Kai Kaus on the Purchase of Slaves
1086
1091
Nizam al-Mulk: Book of Government; or, Rules for Kings
1095
1100
1110
Bernard Atton, Viscount of Carcassonne: Charter of Homage and Fealty
1127–1279
“When Heirs Have Already Been Installed, They Ought Not to Be Displaced”
1148
1164
1170
1185
Usama ibn Munqidh: “A Muslim View of the Crusaders”
1200s-1400s
1200
Bishop Solomon: The Book of the Bee
1203
Muhammad ibn al-’Arabi: The Meccan Illuminations
1215
Robert de Courçon: Statutes for the University of Paris
1220
1224
1230-1270
Cai Kang: “Forging of Official Documents”
1250
1266
Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologiae
1296 and 1302
Boniface VIII: Clericis Laicos and Unam Sanctam
1298
Marco Polo: Description of Hangzhou
1324
Marsilius of Padua: The Defender of the Peace
1350-1353
1357–1400
Jean Froissart: The Chronicles of Froissart
1375
Ibn Khaldun: “Social Solidarity”
1400
1431
Zheng He: Inscription to the Goddess the Celestial Spouse
1435
1451
1486
Henricus Institoris and Jacobus Sprenger: Malleus maleficarum
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man
1491
Surrender Treaty of the Kingdom of Granada
1492
Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic Majesties to Christopher Columbus
1493
Christopher Columbus’s Letter to Raphael Sanxis on the Discovery of America
1509
Desiderius Erasmus: The Praise of Folly
1513
Niccolò Machiavelli: The Prince
1517
Martin Luther: Ninety-five Theses
1520
Hernán Cortés: Second Letter to Charles V
1525
1526
Nzinga Mbemba's Appeal to the King of Portugal
1533
Hernando Pizarro: Letter to the Royal Audience of Santo Domingo
1536
John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion
1537
Paracelsus: Concerning the Nature of Things
1540
1542
1543
Nicolaus Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres
1552
Bartolomé de las Casas: A Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies
1561
Lope de Aguirre: Letter to King Philip of Spain
1564
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent
1565
The Life of St. Teresa of Jesus
1570
1576
Bernal Díaz: The True History of the Conquest of New Spain
1581
Dutch Declaration of Independence
1604
1609
James I: Speech on the Divine Right of Kings
1610
Galileo Galilei: Starry Messenger
1615
Japanese Laws Governing Military Households
Letter of Cardinal Bellarmine to Paolo Antonio Foscarini concerning Galileo's Theories
Matteo Ricci: “Religious Sects among the Chinese”
1619
John Rolfe: Letter to Sir Edwin Sandys
1620
1621
Letter of Edward Winslow to a Friend
1630
John Winthrop: “A Model of Christian Charity”
1635
1637
René Descartes: Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason
1646
1648
1649
Charles I: Speech on the Scaffold
1651
1654
Oliver Cromwell: Speech at the Opening of the Protectorate Parliament
1660
Antônio Vieira: “Children of God’s Fire”
1662
Virginia's Act XII: Negro Women's Children to Serve according to the Condition of the Mother
1667
Virginia's Act III: Baptism Does Not Exempt Slaves from Bondage
1678
John Bunyan: Pilgrim's Progress
1679
Habeas Corpus Act of the Restoration
1685
Louis XIV: Revocation of the Edict of Nantes
1688
"A Minute against Slavery, Addressed to Germantown Monthly Meeting"
1689
1690
John Locke: Second Treatise on Civil Government
1691
Juana Inés de la Cruz: “The Poet’s Answer to Sor Filotea De La Cruz”
1700
1706
1712-1716
Letters of Governor Alexander Spotswood
1718
Hakuin Ekaku: “Song of Meditation”
1721
Benjamin Colman: Some Observations on Receiving the SMALL-POX by Ingrafting or Inoculating
1722
“Manslaughter over an Outhouse”
1738
George Whitefield: “The Great Duty of Family-Religion”
1741
Jonathan Edwards: “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
1743
Benjamin Franklin: Proposal for Promoting Useful Knowledge among the British Plantations in America
1750–1792
Cao Xueqin and Gao E: The Story of the Stone
1751
Benjamin Franklin's "Exporting of Felons to the Colonies"
1752
Ba’al Shem Tov: “The Holy Epistle”
1754
John Woolman: Some Considerations on the Keeping of Negroes
1758
Benjamin Franklin's "The Way to Wealth"
1760
Emanuel Swedenborg: Invitation to the New Church
1762
Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract
1763
1764
Samuel Adams: Instructions to Boston's Representatives
The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved
Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary
1765
Declaration of Rights of the Stamp Act Congress
Patrick Henry's Resolutions in Opposition to the Stamp Act
1766
George Mason's Letter to the Committee of Merchants in London
1767
Catherine II of Russia: The Grand Instructions to the Commissioners
1768
Boston Non-Importation Agreement
1769
Resolves of Parliament Condemning Massachusetts Circular
1771
Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography
1773
Patrick Henry's Letter to Robert Pleasants, a Quaker, Concerning Slavery
Benjamin Franklin's "Rules by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One"
1774
Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress
John Hancock's Boston Massacre Oration
Patrick Henry's Speech to the First Continental Congress
George Mason's Fairfax County Resolves
Abigail Adams: Letter to John Adams
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: The Sorrows of Young Werther
1775
Patrick Henry: "Liberty or Death" Speech
Proclamation by the King for Suppressing Rebellion and Sedition
John Adams: "Letters of Novanglus"
1776
Virginia Declaration of Rights
John Adams: Thoughts on Government
Samuel Adams: Letter to James Warren
Thomas Paine: The Crisis, No. 1
Abigail Adams: “Remember the Ladies” Letter to John Adams
Adam Smith: The Wealth of Nations
1777
Thomas Paine: The Crisis, No. 4
Benjamin Franklin's "The Sale of the Hessians"
Petition of Prince Hall and Other African Americans to the Massachusetts General Court
1778
1779
John Adams: Report of a Constitution, or Form of Government, for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
John Jay's Letter to George Washington
John Jay's "Circular-Letter from Congress to Their Constituents"
1780
Pennsylvania: An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery
Abigail Adams: Letter to John Quincy Adams
1783
George Washington's Address to Congress on Resigning His Commission
1784
Samuel Adams: Letter to Noah Webster
Abigail Adams: Letter to Lucy Cranch
Thomas Jefferson: Notes on the State of Virginia
Immanuel Kant: “What is Enlightenment?”
1785
James Madison: Memorial and Remonstrance against Religious Assessments
1786
Thomas Jefferson's Virginia Act for Establishing Religious Freedom
1787
Constitution of the United States
James Madison's Speech on the New Jersey Plan to the Constitutional Convention
Samuel Adams: Letter to Richard Henry Lee
Elbridge Gerry: Letter to the Massachusetts Legislature on the U.S. Constitution
Benjamin Franklin's Speech at the Conclusion of the Constitutional Convention
John Jay's Federalist 2-5 and 64
George Mason's "Objections to This Constitution of Government"
Roger Sherman's "Letters of a Countryman" (November 14, 1787)
Roger Sherman's "Letters of a Countryman" (November 22, 1787)
Slavery Clauses in the U.S. Constitution
1787–1788
John Adams: A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
1788
Samuel Adams: Massachusetts Ratifying Convention Speeches
Elbridge Gerry's Letter to the Electors of Middlesex
Alexander Hamilton's Federalist 84
John Hancock's Address to the Ratification Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
John Hancock's Address to the General Court of Boston
Patrick Henry's Speech to the Virginia Convention Opposing the Constitution
Elbridge Gerry's First Reply to "A Landholder"
Elbridge Gerry's Second Reply to "A Landholder"
Alexander Falconbridge: An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa
1789
George Washington: First Inaugural Address
James Madison's Speech to the House of Representatives Proposing a Bill of Rights
Benjamin Franklin's "An Address to the Public"
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès: “What Is the Third Estate?”
1790
George Washington: First Annual Message to Congress
Elbridge Gerry's Speech on Paying Revolutionary War Debts
John Jay's "Charge to the Grand Juries"
Alexander Hamilton's "First Report on Public Credit"
Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France
1791
Thomas Jefferson: “Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank”
Olympe de Gouges: Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen
Alexander Hamilton: "Opinion as to the Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States"
Benjamin Banneker: Letter to Thomas Jefferson
1792
Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
1793
George Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality
John Jay's Draft of the Proclamation of Neutrality
Qianlong: Letter to George III
1794
James Monroe's Address to the National Convention of France
Alexander Hamilton's "Against an Alliance with France"
Richard Allen: "An Address to Those Who Keep Slaves, and Approve the Practice"
Maximilien Robespierre: “On the Moral and Political Principles of Domestic Policy”
1795
Samuel Adams: Address to the Massachusetts Legislature
1796
George Washington: Farewell Address
Abigail Adams: Letter to Thomas Boylston Adams
1797
Prince Hall: A Charge Delivered to the African Lodge
1798
James Madison's Virginia Resolutions
1799
Alexander Hamilton's Letter to Harrison Gray Otis on Westward Expansion
Patrick Henry's Election Speech at Charlotte Court House
1801
Thomas Jefferson: First Inaugural Address
1803
Thomas Jefferson: Message to Congress about the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Thomas Jefferson: Letter to Indiana Territory Governor William H. Harrison
1804
1805
Thomas Jefferson's Second Inaugural Address
Aaron Burr: Farewell Address to the U.S. Senate
1806
Aaron Burr: Deciphered Letter to General James Wilkinson
1807
Act to Prohibit the Importation of Slaves
Aaron Burr: Address to the Court on Innocence of Treason
Aaron Burr: Motion to the Court to Limit Prosecution Evidence
Joseph Story: Letter to Samuel P. P. Fay as “Matthew Bramble”
1808
Peter Williams, Jr.: "Oration on the Abolition of the Slave Trade"
Johann Gottlieb Fichte: Addresses to the German Nation
1808–1812
The Private Journal of Aaron Burr
1810
Tecumseh's Speech to Governor William Henry Harrison at Fort Vincennes
1810–1812
Diplomatic Correspondence between Muhammad al-Kanami and Muhammad Bello
1811
John C. Calhoun: "On the Second Resolution Reported by the Committee on Foreign Relations"
1812
Simón Bolívar: Cartagena Manifesto
1813
Tecumseh's Speech to Major General Henry Procter at Fort Malden
Henry Clay's Speech on the Bill to Raise an Additional Military Force
1815
1816-1924
Organizational Records of the Dorcas Society of Cincinnati
1816
Declaration of the Independence of the United Provinces of South America
1818
James Monroe's Second Annual Message to Congress
Henry Clay's Speech on South American Independence
Germaine de Staël: Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution
1819
John Marshall: McCulloch v. Maryland
John Quincy Adams: Diary Entries on the Adams-Onís Treaty
Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward
1820
1821
James Monroe's Second Inaugural Address
Percy Bysshe Shelley: “A Defense of Poetry”
Agustín de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero: Plan of Iguala
1823
John Quincy Adams: Diary Entries on the Monroe Doctrine
1824
James Monroe's Special Message to the Senate on the Slave Trade Convention with Great Britain
1825
John Quincy Adams: First Annual Message to Congress
1827
Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm: First Freedom's Journal Editorial
1829
John Ross's Memorial to Congress
David Walker: Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
1830
Andrew Jackson on Indian Removal
Daniel Webster's Second Reply to Robert Hayne
Andrew Jackson's Proclamation Regarding the Opening of U.S. Ports to British Vessels
Proposal for the Establishment of a Native Army
1831
William Lloyd Garrison: First Liberator Editorial
John Ross's Letter to David Crockett
John C. Calhoun: "On the Relation Which the States and General Government Bear to Each Other"
1832
Andrew Jackson: Veto Message Regarding the Second Bank of the United States
South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification
John Ross's Annual Message to the Cherokee Nation
Andrew Jackson: Proclamation to the People of South Carolina Regarding Nullification
John C. Calhoun: "To the People of the United States"
1833
Act for the Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Colonies
Joseph Story's “Privileges of Citizens—Fugitives—Slaves”
1834
James Madison's "Advice to My Country"
1835
William Lloyd Garrison's "The Triumph of Mobocracy in Boston"
Doctrine and Covenants of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Alexis de Tocqueville: Democracy in America
1836
James Buchanan: Remarks to Congress on Slavery
Sam Houston's Inaugural Address as President of the Republic of Texas
1837
John Ross's Letter to Martin Van Buren
John C. Calhoun: "On the Reception of Abolition Petitions"
Wendell Phillips's "The Murder of Lovejoy"
1838
John Ross's Address to the Cherokee Nation
William Lloyd Garrison's "Declaration of Sentiments Adopted by the Peace Convention"
1839
John Quincy Adams: Jubilee of the Constitution Address
Lin Zexu: “Moral Advice to Queen Victoria”
John Ross's Address to a General Council of the Cherokee Nation
Louis Blanc: The Organization of Labor
1840
Margaret Fuller: "A Short Essay on Critics"
1841
1842
John Quincy Adams: Congressional Debate over Motion for Censure
John Quincy Adams: Address to Constituents at Braintree
1843
Henry Highland Garnet: "An Address to the Slaves of the United States of America"
1844
Margaret Fuller: Summer on the Lakes, in 1843
Henry Clay: Letter to the Editors of the Washington National Intelligencer on Texas Annexation
William Lloyd Garrison: "Address to the Friends of Freedom and Emancipation in the United States"
1845
Joint Resolution of Congress for the Annexation of Texas
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Margaret Fuller: Woman in the Nineteenth Century
James Polk's Inaugural Address
Domingo Sarmiento: Life in the Argentine Republic in the Days of the Tyrants
1846
James Polk's Message to Congress on War with Mexico
1847
Salmon P. Chase: Reclamation of Fugitives from Service
Roger B. Taney's Opinion in the License Cases
First Editorial of the North Star
William Wells Brown: "Slavery As It Is"
1848
Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of Sentiments
James Polk's Farewell Message to Congress
Frederick Douglass: Letter "To My Old Master"
John C. Calhoun: "On His Resolutions in Reference to the War with Mexico"
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels: Communist Manifesto
1849
Henry David Thoreau: On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
1850
Henry Clay: Remarks on the Compromise of 1850 Resolutions
Stephen A. Douglas: Speech Defending the Compromise of 1850
Sam Houston's Speech Supporting the Compromise of 1850
William Henry Seward's Speech on the Admission of California to Statehood
Daniel Webster's Speech to the Senate on the Preservation of the Union
John C. Calhoun: "On the Slavery Question"
1851
Narrative of the Life of Henry Box Brown, Written by Himself
Sojourner Truth: "Ain't I a Woman?"
1852
Frederick Douglass: "Fourth of July" Speech
Martin Delany: The Condition, Elevation, ... and Destiny of the Colored People of the United States
1853
Wendell Phillips's "The Philosophy of the Abolition Movement"
Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup
1854
Sam Houston's Speech Opposing the Kansas-Nebraska Act
Salmon P. Chase: Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's Address to the New York Legislature
1855
Caroline Norton: Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranworth’s Marriage and Divorce Bill
1856
Robert E. Lee's Letter to Mary Lee
1857
James Buchanan: Inaugural Address
Allan Kardec: The Spirits' Book
1858
Abraham Lincoln: "House Divided" Speech
Stephen A. Douglas's First Speech of the Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Wendell Phillips's "Crispus Attucks"
William Henry Seward: Speech on the "Irrepressible Conflict"
Queen Victoria: Proclamation concerning India
John S. Rock: "Whenever the Colored Man Is Elevated, It Will Be by His Own Exertions"
Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos: Letter to Sir George Grey
1859
William Lloyd Garrison's Speech Relating to the Execution of John Brown
Brigham Young's Sermon on Race and Slavery
Wendell Phillips's "The Puritan Principle and John Brown"
Brigham Young's Sermon on Mormon Governance
1860
South Carolina Declaration of Causes of Secession
James Buchanan: Fourth Annual Message to Congress
Jefferson Davis's Resolutions to the U.S. Senate on the Relations of States
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's Speech for the Anniversary of the American Anti-Slavery Society
Giuseppe Mazzini: An Essay on the Duties of Man: Addressed to Workingmen
1861
Jefferson Davis: Inaugural Address to the Confederacy
Abraham Lincoln: First Inaugural Address
Robert E. Lee: Letter to Custis Lee
Jefferson Davis's Farewell Address to the U.S. Senate
Sam Houston's Speech on Refusal to Take the Oath of Loyalty to the Confederacy
William Henry Seward's Memorandum to President Abraham Lincoln
Wendell Phillips's "Under the Flag"
Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Osborne P. Anderson: A Voice from Harper's Ferry
1862
Robert E. Lee's Letter to Jefferson Davis (1862)
Treaty between United States and Great Britain for the Suppression of the Slave Trade
1863
War Department General Order 143
Robert E. Lee's Letter to Jefferson Davis (1863)
Frederick Douglass: "Men of Color, To Arms!"
1864–1865
Battle of Sand Creek: Editorials and Congressional Testimony
1864
Ulysses S. Grant's Letter to William Tecumseh Sherman
Robert E. Lee's Letter to Jefferson Davis (1864)
Thomas Morris Chester: Civil War Dispatches
1865
Abraham Lincoln: Second Inaugural Address
Articles of Agreement Relating to the Surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia
Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Ulysses S. Grant's Final Report of Military Operations
William Lloyd Garrison: Valedictory Editorial of the Liberator
Robert E. Lee's Letter to Andrew Hunter
Robert E. Lee's General Order No. 9
Andrew Johnson's First Annual Message to Congress
William T. Sherman: Special Field Order No. 15
1866
Andrew Johnson's Veto of the Freedmen's Bureau Bill
Andrew Johnson's Veto of the Civil Rights Act
Testimony Before the Joint Committee on Reconstruction on Atrocities in the South Against Blacks
1867
Stephen J. Field's Opinion in Cummings v. Missouri
Ely Parker's Report on Indian Affairs to the War Department
1868
Articles of Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Henry McNeal Turner: Speech on His Expulsion from the Georgia Legislature
1869
Ulysses S. Grant's First Inaugural Address
Salmon P. Chase: Opinion in Texas v. White
Ely Parker's Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
1870
Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Ulysses S. Grant's Special Message to Congress Announcing Ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment
1871
Victoria Woodhull: "'And the Truth Shall Make You Free'"
Ely Parker's Letter of Resignation as Commissioner of Indian Affairs
Wendell Phillips's "The Foundation of the Labor Movement"
Constitution of the Fante Confederacy
Victoria Woodhull: Lecture on Constitutional Equality
Horace White's Eyewitness Account of the Great Chicago Fire
Charles Darwin: The Descent of Man
1872
Act Establishing Yellowstone National Park
Susan B. Anthony: Letters concerning Casting a Vote in the 1872 Federal Election
1873
Susan B. Anthony: "Is It a Crime for a Citizen of the United States to Vote?"
1874
Ulysses S. Grant's Sixth Annual Message to Congress
Richard Harvey Cain: "All That We Ask Is Equal Laws, Equal Legislation, and Equal Rights"
1875
Ulysses S. Grant's Special Message to the Senate on Unrest in Louisiana
Mary Baker Eddy: Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures
1876
Ulysses S. Grant's Letter to Daniel H. Chamberlain
Stephen J. Field's Opinion in Munn v. Illinois
Maria Eugenia Echenique: “The Emancipation of Women”
1877
Rutherford B. Hayes: Inaugural Address
Frederick Douglass: “Our National Capital” Lecture
1878
1879
Thomas Edison: Patent Application for the Incandescent Light Bulb
Stephen J. Field's Opinion in Ho Ah Kow v. Nunan
Report of the Special Committee on Railroads
1881
Jefferson Davis's Preface to The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s "Early Forms of Liability"
1882
Treaty of Limits between Mexico and Guatemala
1883
John Marshall Harlan's Opinion in the Civil Rights Cases
Joaquim Nabuco: “We Are Seeking Our Country’s Highest Interests”
1884
John Marshall Harlan's Opinion Hurtado v. California
1885
Grover Cleveland's First Inaugural Address
Ely Parker's Letter to Harriet Maxwell Converse about Indian Policy Reform
1886
Anna Julia Cooper: "Womanhood: A Vital Element in the Regeneration and Progress of a Race"
T. Thomas Fortune: "The Present Relations of Labor and Capital"
1887
Nellie Bly: Ten Days in a Mad-House
1888
Helena Blavatsky: The Secret Doctrine
Pandita Ramabai: The High-Caste Hindu Woman
1889
John Edward Bruce: "Organized Resistance Is Our Best Remedy"
1890
Samuel Gompers's Address to Workers in Louisville, Kentucky
Grover Cleveland's "Principles above Spoils" Letter
Stephen J. Field's "The Centenary of the Supreme Court of the United States"
Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives
1891
John L. Moore: "In the Lion's Mouth"
1892
Elizabeth Cady Stanton's "Solitude of Self"
William Jennings Bryan: Speech to Congress on Tariff Reform
Ida B. Wells: "Eight Men Lynched"
Jane Addams: "The Subjective Necessity for Social Settlements"
Populist Party: Omaha Platform
1893
Grover Cleveland's Special Session Message to Congress on the Economic Crisis
Grover Cleveland's Message to Congress on Hawaiian Sovereignty
“The Significance of the Frontier in American History”
Frances Willard: Address before the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
1894
Samuel Gompers's Editorial on the Pullman Strike
1895
Booker T. Washington: Atlanta Exposition Address
John Marshall Harlan's Opinion Pollock v. Farmers' Loan + Trust Co.
Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin: "Address to the First National Conference of Colored Women"
1896
William Jennings Bryan: "Cross of Gold" Speech
Grover Cleveland's Fourth Annual Message to Congress
Theodor Herzl: “A Solution to the Jewish Question”
1897
W. E. B. Du Bois: "Strivings of the Negro People"
Susan B. Anthony: "The Status of Woman, Past, Present, and Future"
Bernhard von Bülow on Germany's “Place in the Sun”
1898
William McKinley: Message to Congress about Cuban Intervention
William McKinley: "Benevolent Assimilation" Proclamation
Emperor Guangxu: Abolition of the Examination System
Mary Church Terrell: "The Progress of Colored Women"
1899
William McKinley's Home Market Club Speech
Rudyard Kipling: “The White Man's Burden”
Eduard Bernstein: Evolutionary Socialism
Mary Kingsley: West African Studies
1900
Henry Cabot Lodge's Speech on the Retention of the Philippine Islands
Ida B. Wells: "Lynch Law in America"
Rufus M. Jones: "Essential Truths"
Paul Lafargue: “The Socialist Ideal”
1901
The Insular Cases: Downes v. Bidwell
William McKinley's Last Speech
Ida B. Wells: "Lynching and the Excuse for It"
George H. White's Farewell Address to Congress
Mark Twain: “To the Person Sitting in Darkness”
1902
Eugene V. Debs: "How I Became a Socialist"
Vladimir Lenin: What Is to Be Done?
1903–1916
Theodore Roosevelt: Statements Pertaining to Conservation
1903
Theodore Roosevelt's Letter to Oliver Wendell Holmes
Booker T. Washington's "Statement on Suffrage"
W. E. B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk
Lincoln Steffens: "The Shame of Minneapolis"
1904
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
W. E. B. Du Bois: "The Parting of the Ways"
Ida B. Wells: "Booker T. Washington and His Critics"
Booker T. Washington's "A Protest against Lynching"
William James: “What Pragmatism Means”
Clara Barton: A Story of the Red Cross
1905
Niagara Movement Declaration of Principles
Eugene V. Debs's Speech to the Founding Convention of the Industrial Workers of the World
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Lochner v. New York
Louis D. Brandeis: "The Opportunity in the Law"
1906
Louis D. Brandeis: "The Greatest Life Insurance Wrong"
Theodore Roosevelt: Brownsville Legacy Special Message to the Senate
1907
Jane Addams: "Passing of the War Virtues"
1908
Theodore Roosevelt's Special Message to Congress
Robert La Follette's Speech on the Amendment of National Banking Laws
Booker T. Washington's Letter to William Howard Taft
Samuel Gompers's Editorial on the Supreme Court Ruling in the Danbury Hatters' Case
1909
Ida B. Wells: "Lynching: Our National Crime"
1910
Jane Addams: "Why Women Should Vote"
Francisco Madero: Plan of San Luis Potosí
1911
Emiliano Zapata: Plan of Ayala
1912
Margaret Sanger's "Sexual Impulse-Part II"
Articles Providing for the Favorable Treatment of the Great Ching Emperor after His Abdication
1913
Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography
Woodrow Wilson's Address at Gettysburg
Act in Relation to the Organization of a Colored Regiment in the City of New York
Robert Athlyi Rogers: Holy Piby
Francisco Garcia Calderón: Latin America: Its Rise and Progress
1914
Woodrow Wilson's Address to a Joint Session of Congress on Trusts and Monopolies
Booker T. Washington's Letter to C. Elias Winston
Margaret Sanger's "The Prevention of Conception"
Monroe Trotter's Protest to Woodrow Wilson
Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum to Serbia and the Serbian Reply
1915
Samuel Gompers's Circular to the Organizers of the American Federation of Labor
Alice Paul: Testimony before the House Judiciary Committee
Henry Cabot Lodge's Speech on Mexico
Louis D. Brandeis: "The Jewish Problem: How to Solve It"
1916
Samuel Gompers's Address to the Annual Meeting of the National Civic Federation
Margaret Sanger's Hotel Brevoort Speech
Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic
Emma Goldman: “The Philosophy of Atheism”
National Park Service Organic Act
1917
Woodrow Wilson: Address to Congress Leading to a Declaration of War against Germany
Emma Goldman: Speech against Conscription and War
Woodrow Wilson's Address in Support of a World League for Peace
Woodrow Wilson's Second Inaugural Address
Robert La Follette's Speech Opposing War with Germany
Emma Goldman: "Anarchism: What It Really Stands For"
Emma Goldman: "The Psychology of Political Violence"
Emma Goldman: "Marriage and Love"
Henry Cabot Lodge's Speech on President Woodrow Wilson's Plan for a World Peace
1918
Woodrow Wilson: Fourteen Points
Eugene V. Debs's Antiwar Speech
Theodore Roosevelt's Speech to the New York Republican State Convention
William Pickens: "The Kind of Democracy the Negro Expects"
John Reed: “Soviets in Action”
1919
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Schenck v. United States
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Abrams v. United States
Henry Cabot Lodge's Speech Opposing the League of Nations
W. E. B. Du Bois: "Returning Soldiers"
Margaret Sanger's “Birth Control and Racial Betterment”
Resolution of the General Syrian Congress
Korean Declaration of Independence
Covenant of the League of Nations
Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States
Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
1920
Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Resolutions of the National Congress of British West Africa
Cyril Briggs: Summary of the Program and Aims of the African Blood Brotherhood
Edmund Dene (E.D.) Morel: The Black Man’s Burden
1921
Sun Yat-sen: “The Three Principles of the People”
Walter F. White: "The Eruption of Tulsa"
1922
Marcus Garvey: "The Principles of the Universal Negro Improvement Association"
1923
General Outline of Measures for the Reorganization of Japan
1924
Robert La Follette's Platform of the Conference for Progressive Political Action
José Carlos Mariátegui: History of the World Crisis
1925
William Jennings Bryan: Speech at the Scopes Trial
Alain Locke: "Enter the New Negro"
James Weldon Johnson's "Harlem: The Culture Capital"
Tennessee Act Prohibiting the Teaching of Evolution
Mary Harris Jones: The Autobiography of Mother Jones
1926
1927
Louis D. Brandeis: Opinion in Whitney v. California
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.’s Opinion in Buck v. Bell
Mao Zedong: “Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan”
Alice Moore Dunbar-Nelson: "The Negro Woman and the Ballot"
1928
Louis D. Brandeis: Opinion in Olmstead v. United States
Al Smith's Address of Acceptance of the Democratic Presidential Nomination
Herbert Hoover's "Rugged Individualism" Campaign Speech
Eleanor Roosevelt: "Women Must Learn to Play the Game as Men Do"
1929
Herbert Hoover's Inaugural Address
Herbert Hoover's Kellogg-Briand Pact Proclamation
1930
A. B. Xuma: “Bridging the Gap between White and Black in South Africa”
José Ortega y Gasset: The Revolt of the Masses
Sigmund Freud: Civilization and Its Discontents
1931
Herbert Hoover's Annual Message to Congress
1932
Herbert Hoover's "The Consequences of the Proposed New Deal"
Benito Mussolini: “The Doctrine of Fascism”
1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt: First Inaugural Address
Tennessee Valley Authority Act
National Industrial Recovery Act
W. E. B. Du Bois: "Marxism and the Negro Problem"
Adolf Hitler: Proclamation to the German People
Joseph Stalin: “Results of the First Five-Year Plan”
1934
Huey Long's "Every Man a King" Address
Rudolf Hess: Oath to Adolf Hitler
1935
Huey Long: "Share Our Wealth" Address
Huey Long's "Our Growing Calamity" Address
Frances Perkins's "Social Insurance for U.S." Radio Address
Charles Hamilton Houston: "Educational Inequalities Must Go!"
John P. Davis: "A Black Inventory of the New Deal"
Robert Clifton Weaver: "The New Deal and the Negro: A Look at the Facts"
Walter F. White: "U.S. Department of (White) Justice"
1936
Franklin D. Roosevelt: Campaign Address at Madison Square Garden
United States v. Curtiss-Wright
1937
Leon Trotsky: “I Stake My Life!”
1938
Charles Hamilton Houston's Petition in Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada
Reinhard Heydrich's Memorandum concerning Kristallnacht
Lázaro Cárdenas: Speech to the Nation on the Nationalization of Mexican Oil
1939
Eleanor Roosevelt: Resignation from the Daughters of the American Revolution
George Marshall's Speech to the American Historical Association on the National Organization for War
Mary McLeod Bethune: "What Does American Democracy Mean to Me?"
Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Neville Chamberlain: Speech on the Germany's Invasion of Poland
1940
Felix Frankfurter's Opinion in Minersville School District v. Gobitis
Walter Reuther's "500 Planes a Day" Speech
Robert H. Jackson's "The Federal Prosecutor"
Frances Perkins's "What You Really Want Is an Autopsy"
Winston Churchill: “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” Speech
Charles de Gaulle: Appeal of 18 June
Édouard Daladier: Radio Address to the People of France
1941
Franklin D. Roosevelt: Four Freedoms Message to Congress
Executive Order 8802: Banning Discrimination in Government and Defense Industries
Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Pearl Harbor" Speech
Frances Perkins's "City Diets and Democracy"
A. Philip Randolph: "Call to Negro America to March on Washington"
Cardinal Clemens von Galen: Against Nazi Euthanasia
Vyacheslav Molotov: Speech on Germany’s Invasion of Russia
Harold Ickes: I Am an American Day Speech
1942
Executive Order 9066: Japanese Internment
George Marshall's Speech to the Graduating Class of the U.S. Military Academy
Mahatma Gandhi: Quit India Speech
Final Report: Japanese Evacuation from the West Coast
Order for Internment of Japanese Americans in San Francisco
1943
Robert H. Jackson's Opinion in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
Frances Perkins's "Three Decades: A History of the Department of Labor"
Joseph Goebbels: “Nation, Rise Up, and Let the Storm Break Loose”
1944
Dwight D. Eisenhower: Order of the Day
Hugo Black: Opinion in Korematsu v. United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt: "Second Bill of Rights" Message to Congress
1945
Harry S. Truman's Statement Announcing the Use of the A-Bomb on Hiroshima
Robert H. Jackson's Opening Statement before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany
J. Robert Oppenheimer's Memorandum on the Radiological Dangers of a Nuclear Detonation
Allen Dulles's "The Present Situation in Germany"
Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Harry S. Truman: Special Message to the Congress Recommending a Comprehensive Health Program
Yalta Conference Joint Statement
Chiang Kai-Shek: Speech before the Preparatory Commission for Constitutional Government in Chungking
Emperor Hirohito: Imperial Rescript on Surrender of Japan
Douglas MacArthur: Radio Broadcast after the Surrender of Japan
1946
Walter Reuther's National Hour Radio Address on Inflation
Felix Frankfurter's Opinion in Colegrove v. Green
Robert H. Jackson's Closing Statement before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, Germany
J. Robert Oppenheimer's Report on the International Control of Atomic Energy
George F. Kennan: Long Telegram
Robert A. Taft's "Equal Justice under Law"
Winston Churchill: Iron Curtain Speech
Kim Il-sung: “On the Establishment of the Workers’ Party of North Korea”
1947
J. Edgar Hoover: Testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee
Hugo Black: Opinion in Adamson v. California
George F. Kennan's "The Sources of Soviet Conduct"
George Marshall's Washington's Birthday Remarks at Princeton University
Robert A. Taft's "The Sound Basis for Federal Aid to Education"
Jawaharlal Nehru: Speeches on the Granting of Indian Independence
Harry S. Truman's Address to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
1948
Press Release Announcing U.S. Recognition of Israel
Executive Order 9981: Desegregation of the Armed Forces
Charles Hamilton Houston's Petition in Hurd v. Hodge
George F. Kennan's "PPS/23 Review of Current Trends in U.S. Foreign Policy"
Eleanor Roosevelt: "The Struggle for Human Rights"
Strom Thurmond's Keynote Address at the States' Rights Democratic Conference
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
1949
Harry S. Truman: Inaugural Address
J. Robert Oppenheimer: General Advisory Committee Report on the Building of the H-Bomb
Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
Ralph J. Bunche: "The Barriers of Race Can Be Surmounted"
1950
Joseph McCarthy's Telegram to President Harry S. Truman
J. Edgar Hoover's Letter to Harry Truman's Special Consultant, Sidney Souers
Joseph McCarthy: "Enemies from Within" Speech
Juan Perón: “Twenty Fundamental Truths of Justicialism”
Haywood Patterson: Scottsboro Boy
1951
Harry S. Truman: Report to the American People on Korea
William O. Douglas's Opinion in Dennis v. United States
Robert A. Taft's "The Place of the President and Congress in Foreign Policy"
Douglas MacArthur: Farewell Address to Congress
1952
Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer
Richard M. Nixon's "Checkers" Speech
Jomo Kenyatta: “The Kenya Africa Union Is Not the Mau Mau”
1953
Dwight D. Eisenhower's First Inaugural Address
Dwight D. Eisenhower: Atoms for Peace Speech
George Marshall's Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
Joseph McCarthy's Letter to President Dwight Eisenhower
Dwight D. Eisenhower's "Cross of Iron" Speech
Fidel Castro: History Will Absolve Me
A. L. Geyer: “The Case for Apartheid”
Gerald Gardner: Book of Shadows
1954
Senate Resolution 301: Censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy
John Foster Dulles: Radio and Television Address on Communism in Guatemala
Proclamation of the Algerian National Liberation Front
1955
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.: Speech on Civil Rights
Walter Reuther's "The Guaranteed Annual Wage" Address
Freedom Charter of South Africa
1956
John Foster Dulles's Address to the United Nations on the Suez Crisis
Allen Dulles's Television Interview on the Soviets' Intentions
Gamal Abdel Nasser on the Nationalization of the Suez Canal
Marian Anderson: My Lord, What a Morning
Nikita Khrushchev: Secret Speech
William H. Whyte: The Organization Man
1957
Executive Order 10730: Little Rock Desegregation
Dwight D. Eisenhower's Special Address to Congress on the Eisenhower Doctrine
Dwight D. Eisenhower's Second Inaugural Address
Walter Reuther's Address before the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
John Foster Dulles's Address on U.S. Policy toward Communist China
Roy Wilkins: "The Clock Will Not Be Turned Back"
1958
Eleanor Roosevelt: “In Your Hands”
Felix Frankfurter's Opinion in Cooper v. Aaron
John Foster Dulles's News Conference on U.S. Relations with Latin American Nations
Walter Reuther: Labor Day Address
1959
Walter Reuther's Address before the Berlin Freedom Rally
Allen Dulles: Address on the Soviet Military Threat
Richard M. Nixon: “Kitchen” Debate with Nikita Khrushchev
1960
Felix Frankfurter's Opinion in Gomillion v. Lightfoot
Ella Baker: "Bigger than a Hamburger"
Patrice Lumumba: Speech at the Proclamation of Congolese Independence
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Statement of Purpose
1961
Dwight D. Eisenhower: Farewell Address
John F. Kennedy: Inaugural Address
Executive Order 10924: Peace Corps
William O. Douglas's Opinion in Mapp v. Ohio
John F. Kennedy: Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs
Newton N. Minow: Vast Wasteland of Television Speech
Kwame Nkrumah: I Speak of Freedom
1962
John Glenn: Official Communication with the Command Center
John F. Kennedy: Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba
William J. Brennan, Jr.: Opinion in Baker v. Carr
“The Port Huron Statement of the Students for a Democratic Society”
Michael Harrington: The Other America
1963
Martin Luther King, Jr.: "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
John F. Kennedy: Civil Rights Address
Martin Luther King, Jr.: "I Have a Dream" Speech
Lyndon Baines Johnson's Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Assuming the Presidency
Hugo Black: Opinion in Gideon v. Wainwright
Malcolm X's "Message to the Grass Roots"
George Wallace: Inaugural Address as Governor
Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique
Che Guevara: “Guerrilla Warfare: A Method”
1964
Robert F. Kennedy's Tribute to John F. Kennedy at the Democratic National Convention
Lyndon Baines Johnson's Commencement Address at the University of Michigan
Lyndon Baines Johnson's Remarks on the Gulf of Tonkin Incident
William J. Brennan, Jr.: Opinion in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
Earl Warren's Opinion in Reynolds v. Sims
Earl Warren's Warren Commission Report
Everett Dirksen's Observations on His Sixty-eighth Birth Anniversary
Everett Dirksen's Good Government Award Acceptance Speech
Barry Goldwater's Acceptance Speech for the Presidential Nomination of the Republican Party
Malcolm X's "The Ballot or the Bullet" Speech
Ronald Reagan's "A Time for Choosing" Speech
Everett Dirksen: "An Idea Whose Time Has Come"
Fannie Lou Hamer: Testimony at the Democratic National Convention
Che Guevara: Address to the United Nations General Assembly
1965
J. Edgar Hoover's Memo on the Leak of Vietnam War Information
J. Edgar Hoover's Memo on Martin Luther King
Lyndon Baines Johnson's Speech to a Joint Session of Congress on Civil Rights
Hugo Black: Opinion in Griswold v. Connecticut
William O. Douglas's Opinion in Griswold v. Connecticut
Everett Dirksen's Definition of Freedom
Billy Graham's "The Flame of Political Dilemma"
Malcolm X: "After the Bombing"
Act Establishing Medicare and Medicaid
Executive Order 11246: Equal Employment Opportunity
1966
Cesar Chavez: The Plan of Delano
Robert F. Kennedy's Day of Affirmation Address at the University of Cape Town
Robert F. Kennedy's Address at the University of California, Berkeley
"Mao Tse-tung’s Thought Is the Telescope and Microscope of Our Revolutionary Cause"
Stokely Carmichael: "Black Power"
National Organization for Women Statement of Purpose
1967
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.'s "Black Power: A Form of Godly Power"
UN Security Council Resolution 242
Martin Luther King, Jr.: "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence"
1968
Robert F. Kennedy's Remarks on the Death of Martin Luther King
George F. Kennan's "Introducing Eugene McCarthy"
Martin Luther King, Jr.: “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop”
Medellín Conference Statements on Peace and Justice
1969
Everett Dirksen's Final Spring Address
Ella Baker: "The Black Woman in the Civil Rights Struggle"
Eldridge Cleaver: "Education and Revolution"
Indians of All Tribes Occupation of Alcatraz: Proclamation
Richard M. Nixon: “Silent Majority” Speech
Carlos Marighella: Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla
1970
J. Edgar Hoover's Memo on Abbie Hoffman
Shirley Chisholm's Speech in Favor of the Equal Rights Amendment
Ella Baker: "Developing Community Leadership"
Ayatollah Khomeini: Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist
Jesse Owens: Blackthink: My Life as Black Man and White Man
Occupational Safety and Health Act
Richard M. Nixon: Address to the Nation on the Situation in Southeast Asia
Gloria Steinem: “Living the Revolution”
1971
Warren E. Burger: Opinion in Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics
Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.'s "Black Power and the Future of Black America"
Angela Davis: "Political Prisoners, Prisons, and Black Liberation"
Abbie Hoffman: Steal This Book
Lewis F. Powell: “Confidential Memorandum: Attack on American Free Enterprise System”
Salvador Allende: First Annual Message to the National Congress
1972
Richard Nixon: Smoking Gun Tape
Shirley Chisholm's Announcement of Candidacy for the Democratic Nomination for President
William O. Douglas's Opinion in Sierra Club v. Morton
William O. Douglas's Opinion in Furman v. Georgia
Thurgood Marshall's Opinion in Furman v. Georgia
"Conversations with Alice Paul: Woman Suffrage and the Equal Rights Amendment"
Thurgood Marshall's Opinion in Grayned v. City of Rockford
Jackie Robinson: I Never Had It Made
1973
Final Report of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study Ad Hoc Advisory Panel
Steve Biko: “Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity”
1974
Richard M. Nixon's Resignation Address to the Nation
Warren E. Burger: Opinion in United States v. Nixon
Warren E. Burger: Opinion in Milliken v. Bradley
Barbara Jordan's "The Constitutional Basis for Impeachment"
Shirley Chisholm: "The Black Woman in Contemporary America"
1975
1976
Ronald Reagan's Remarks at the Republican National Convention
William J. Brennan, Jr.: Opinion in Craig v. Boren
Barbara Jordan's "Who Then Will Speak for the Common Good?"
1977
Harry Blackmun: Opinion in Beal v. Doe
1978
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Thurgood Marshall: Equality Speech
1980
"Ella Baker: Organizing for Civil Rights"
1981
Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Address
George F. Kennan's "A Modest Proposal"
Billy Graham's "The Coming Storm"
1982
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
Gabriel García Márquez: “The Solitude of Latin America”
1983
Ronald Reagan: "Evil Empire" Speech
1984
César Chávez: Commonwealth Address
Cesar Chavez: Address to the Seventh Constitutional Convention of United Farm Workers of America
Barry Goldwater's Address to the Republican National Convention
Jesse Jackson: Democratic National Convention Keynote Address
Desmond Tutu: “The Question of South Africa”
1986
Cesar Chavez: Wrath of Grapes Speech
Harry Blackmun: Opinion in Bowers v. Hardwick
1987
Ronald Reagan: Remarks on East-West Relations at the Brandenburg Gate
Gordon Gekko’s “Greed Is Good” Speech
1988
Jesse Jackson: "The Struggle Continues"
George H. W. Bush: “Read My Lips” Speech
Chico Mendes: “The Destruction of Our Rain Forest”
1989
Harry Blackmun: Opinion in DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services
William J. Brennan, Jr.: Opinion in Texas v. Johnson
Sandra Day O'Connor: Opinion in Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
1990
George H. W. Bush: Address to Congress on the Persian Gulf Crisis
Sandra Day O'Connor: Opinion in Metro Broadcasting, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission
Americans with Disabilities Act
Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act
Nelson Mandela: “We Have Waited Too Long for Our Freedom”
1991
Thurgood Marshall's Opinion in Florida v. Bostick
Anita Hill: Opening Statement at the Senate Confirmation Hearing of Clarence Thomas
George H. W. Bush: Address to the Nation on the Commonwealth of Independent States
Mikhail Gorbachev: Farewell Address
Al Gore: High-Performance Computing Act of 1991
Aung San Suu Kyi: “Freedom from Fear”
1992
Barbara Jordan's "Change: From What to What?"
Billy Graham's "The Winds of Change"
Colin Powell's "U.S. Forces: Challenges Ahead"
Agreement on Reconciliation, Nonaggression, and . . . Cooperation between South and North Korea
A. Leon Higginbotham: "An Open Letter to Justice Clarence Thomas from a Federal Judicial Colleague"
1993
Bill Clinton's First Inaugural Address
Bill Clinton's Remarks on Signing the North American Free Trade Agreement
Robert C. Byrd: Line-Item Veto Speech XIV
Al Gore's "From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less"
Bill Clinton: Remarks Announcing the New Policy on Gays and Lesbians in the Military
1994
Harry Blackmun: Opinion in Callins v. Collins
Ronald Reagan's Letter to the American People about Alzheimer's Disease
Nelson Mandela: Inaugural Address
Colin Powell: Commencement Address at Howard University
Republican Contract with America
1995
William Rehnquist's Opinion in United States v. Lopez
Louis Farrakhan: Million Man March Pledge
Ismar Schorsch: The Sacred Cluster
1996
Bill Clinton: Radio Address on the Welfare Reform Act
Bill Clinton on Signing the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Opinion in United States v. Virginia
Osama bin Laden: Declaration of Jihad against Americans
Al Gore’s “Address to the 1996 Democratic National Convention”
Wole Soyinka: “Towards a Sustainable Vision of Nigeria”
UN Human Rights Report on Zaire
1997
Óscar Arias: “Thoughts on Peace”
1998
Articles of Impeachment of Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton's Remarks at Annual Prayer Breakfast
Northern Ireland Peace Agreement
One America in the 21st Century
2000
Condoleezza Rice's Keynote Address at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum
Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Opinion in Friends of the Earth, Inc. et al. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services
Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Opinion in Stenberg, Attorney General of Nebraska, et al. v. Carhart
Constitutive Act of the African Union
Condoleezza Rice's Address to the Republican National Convention
Al Gore’s 2000 Concession Speech
2001
George W. Bush: Address to the Nation on September 11, 2001
George W. Bush: Remarks on Signing the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act
Bill Clinton's Farewell Address
Bin Ladin Determined to Strike in US
Executive Order Establishing the Office of Homeland Security
2002
George W. Bush: Second State of the Union Address
Sandra Day O'Connor: Opinion in Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
José Trigueirinho: Calling Humanity
2003
George W. Bush: Address to the Nation on Military Operations in Iraq
Ruth Bader Ginsburg's Opinion in Eldred v. Ashcroft
Sandra Day O'Connor: Opinion in Grutter v. Bollinger
Colin Powell: Remarks to the United Nations Security Council
Robert C. Byrd: "We Stand Passively Mute" Speech
Robert C. Byrd: "The Emperor Has No Clothes" Speech
Clarence Thomas's Concurrence/Dissent in Grutter v. Bollinger
2004
Barack Obama: Keynote Address at the Democratic National Convention
Colin Powell's Opening Remarks on Intelligence Reform to the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee
Report on the Crisis in the Catholic Church in the United States
Hugo Chávez: Speech at the Opening of the Twelfth G-15 Summit
Wangari Maathai: Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech
2005
George W. Bush: Second Inaugural Address
Condoleezza Rice's "International Support for Iraqi Democracy"
Jesse Jackson: "The Fight for Civil Rights Continues"
2006
Condoleezza Rice: "Transformational Diplomacy"
Billy Graham's "When Life Turns against Us"
Billy Graham's "A Final Word from Billy Graham"
Congressional Report on the Response to Hurricane Katrina
2007
Intergovernmental Fourth Assessment Report on Climate Change
2008
Barack Obama: "The American Promise"
Barack Obama: "A More Perfect Union"
Report on the Death of Pat Tillman
2009
Barack Obama: Inaugural Address
Barack Obama: Address to the NAACP Centennial Convention
U.S. Senate Resolution Apologizing for the Enslavement and Racial Segregation of African Americans
Barack Obama: Remarks on Health Care Reform
2010
Barack Obama: First State of the Union Address
Barack Obama: Remarks on Signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
