Hittite Laws

1 [If] anyone kills [a man] or a woman in a [quarr]el, he shall [bring him] for burial and shall give 4 persons, male or female respectively. He shall look [to his house for it.]

2 [If] anyone kills [a male] or female slave in a quarrel, he shall bring him for burial [and] shall give [2] persons, male or female respectively. He shall look to his house for it.

3 [If] anyone strikes a free [man] or woman so that he dies, but it is an accident, he shall bring him for burial and shall give 2 persons. He shall look to his house for it.

4 If anyone strikes a male or female slave so that he dies, but it is an accident, he shall bring him for burial and shall give one person. He shall look to his house for it.

5 If anyone kills a merchant (in a foreign land), he shall pay 4,000 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it. If it is in the lands of Luwiya or Pala, he shall pay the 4,000 shekels of silver and also replace his goods. If it is in the land of Hatti, he shall also bring the merchant himself for burial.

6 If a person, man or woman, is killed in another city, the victim’s heir shall deduct 12,000 square meters from the land of the person on whose property the person was killed and shall take it for himself.

7 If anyone blinds a free person or knocks out his tooth, they used to pay 40 shekels of silver. But now he shall pay 20 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

8 If anyone blinds a male or female slave or knocks out his tooth, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

9 If anyone injures a person’s head, they used to pay 6 shekels of silver: the injured party took 3 shekels of silver, and they used to take 3 shekels of silver for the palace. But now the king has waived the palace share, so that only the injured party takes 3 shekels of silver.

10 If anyone injures a person and temporarily incapacitates him, he shall provide medical care for him. In his place he shall provide a person to work on his estate until he recovers. When he recovers, his assailant shall pay him 6 shekels of silver and shall pay the physician’s fee as well.

11 If anyone breaks a free person’s arm or leg, he shall pay him 20 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

12 If anyone breaks a male or female slave’s arm or leg, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.…

17 If anyone causes a free woman to miscarry, [if] it is her tenth month, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver, if it is her fifth month, he shall pay 5 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

18 If anyone causes a female slave to miscarry, [if] it is her tenth month, he shall pay 5 shekels of silver.

19a If a Luwian abducts a free person, man or woman, from the land of Hatti, and leads him away to the land of Luwiya/Arzawa, and subsequently the abducted person’s owner recognizes him, the abductor shall bring (i.e., forfeit) his entire house.

19b If a Hittite abducts a Luwian man in the land of Hatti itself, and leads him away to the land of Luwiya, formerly they gave 12 persons, but now he shall give 6 persons. He shall look to his house for it.…

22a If a male slave runs away, and someone brings him back, if he seizes him nearby, his owner shall give shoes to the finder.

22b If he seizes him on the near side of the river, he shall pay 2 shekels of silver. If on the far side of the river, he shall pay him 3 shekels of silver.…

25a [If] a person is impure in a vessel or a vat, they used to pay 6 shekels of silver: the one who is impure pays 3 shekels of silver, and they used to take 3 shekels for the [king]’s house.

25b But now the king has [waived] the palace’s share. The one who is impure only pays 3 shekels of silver. The claimant shall look to his/her house for it.

26a If a woman re[fuses] a man, [the man] shall give [her …], and [the woman shall take] a wage for her seed. But the man [shall take the land] and the children. […]

26b But if a man divor[ces] a woman, [and she … s, he shall] s[ell her.] Whoever buys her [shall] pa[y him] 12 shekels of silver.

27 If a man takes his wife and leads [her] away to his house, he shall carry her dowry to his house. If the woman [dies] th[ere], they shall burn her personal possessions, and the man shall take her dowry. If she dies in her father’s house, and there [are] children, the man shall not [take] her dowry.

28a If a daughter has been promised to a man, but another man runs off with her, he who runs off with her shall give to the first man whatever he paid and shall compensate him. The father and mother (of the woman) shall not make compensation.

28b If her father and mother give her to another man, the father and mother shall make compensation (to the first man).

28c If the father and mother refuse to do so, they shall separate her from him.

29 If a daughter has been betrothed to a man, and he pays a brideprice for her, but afterwards the father and mother contest the agreement, they shall separate her from the man, but they shall restore the brideprice double.

30 But if before a man has taken the daughter in marriage he refuses her, he shall forfeit the brideprice which he has paid.

31 If a free man and a female slave are lovers and live together, and he takes her as his wife, and they make a house and children, but afterwards either they become estranged or they each find a new marriage partner, they shall divide the house equally, and the man shall take the children, with the woman taking one child.

32 If a male slave [takes] a [free] woman in marriage, [and they make a home and children, when they divide their house], they shall divide their possessions [equally, and the free woman shall take] most of [the children,] with [the male slave taking] one child.

33 If a male slave takes a female slave in marriage, [and they have children,] when they divide their house, they shall divide their possessions equally. [The slave woman shall take] mos[t of the children,] with the male slave [taking] one child.

34 If a male slave pays a brideprice for a woman and takes her as his wife, no one shall free her from slavery.

35 If a herdsman [takes] a free woman [in marriage], she will become a slave for (only) 3 years.

36 If a slave pays a brideprice for a free young man and acquires him as a son-in-law, no one shall free him from slavery.

37 If anyone elopes with a woman, and a group of supporters goes after them, if 3 or 2 men are killed, there shall be no compensation: “You (singular) have become a wolf.”

38 If persons are engaged in a lawsuit, and some supporter goes to them, if a litigant becomes furious and strikes the supporter, so that he dies, there shall be no compensation.…

40 If a man who has a TUKUL-obligation defaults, and a man owing šahhan-services has taken his place, the man owing šahhan-services shall say: “This is my TUKUL-obligation, and this other is my obligation for šahhan-services.” He shall secure for himself a sealed deed concerning the land of the man having the TUKUL-obligation, he shall hold the TUKUL-obligation and perform the šahhan-services. But if he refuses the TUKUL-obligation, they will declare the land to be that of a man having a TUKUL-obligation who has defaulted, and the men of the village will work it. If the king gives an arnuwalaš-man, they will give him the land, and he will become a TUKUL-(man).…

42 If anyone hires a person, and that person goes on a military campaign and is killed, if the hire has been paid, there shall be no compensation. But if the hire has not been paid, the hirer shall give one slave.

43 If a man is crossing a river with his ox, and another man pushes him off (the ox’s tail), seizes the tail of the ox, and crosses the river, but the river carries off the owner of the ox, the dead man’s heirs shall take that man who pushes him off.

44a If anyone makes a man fall into a fire, so that he dies, he shall give a son in return.

44b If anyone performs a purification ritual on a person, he shall dispose of the remnants (of the ritual) in the incineration dumps. But if he disposes of them in someone’s house, it is sorcery and a case for the king.

45 If anyone finds implements, [he shall bring] them back to their owner. He (the owner) will reward him. But if the finder does not give them (back), he shall be considered a thief.…

48 A hipparaš-man renders the luzzi-services. Let no one transact business with a hipparaš-man. Let no one buy his child, his land, or his vineyard(s). Whoever transacts business with a hipparaš-man shall forfeit his purchase price, and the hipparaš-man shall take back whatever he sold.

49 [If] a hipparaš-man steals, there will be no compensation. But [if] …  , only his … shall give compensation. If they (i.e., the hipparaš-man) [were] to have to give (compensation for) theft, they would all have been dishonest, or would have become thieves. This one would have seized that one, and that one this one. [They] would have overturned the king’s authority(?).…

55 When [a delegation of] Hittites, men owing šahhan-services, came, they did reverence to the father of the king, and said: “No one pays us a wage. They say to us: ‘You are men required to perform your jobs as a šahhan service!’” The father of the king stepped into the assembly and declared under his seal: “You must continue to perform šahhan-services just like your colleagues.”…

57 If anyone steals a bull—if it is a weanling calf, it is not a “bull”; if it is a yearling calf, it is not a “bull”; if it is a 2-year-old bovine, that is a “bull.” Formerly they gave 30 cattle. But now he shall give 15 cattle: 5 two-year-olds, 5 yearlings, and 5 weanlings. He shall look to his house for it.…

60 If anyone finds a bull and castrates it, when its owner claims it, the finder shall give 7 cattle: 2 two-year-olds, 3 yearlings, and 2 weanlings. He shall look to his house for it.

61 If anyone finds a stallion and castrates it, when its owner claims it, the finder shall give 7 horses: 2 two-year-olds, 3 yearlings, and 2 weanlings. He shall look to his house for it.

62 If anyone finds a ram and castrates it, when its owner claims it, the finder shall give 7 sheep: 2 ewes, 3 wethers, and 2 sexually immature sheep. He shall look to his house for it.

63 If anyone steals a plow ox, formerly they gave 15 cattle, but now he shall give 10 cattle: 3 two-year-olds, 3 yearlings, and 4 weanlings. He shall look to his house for it.…

66 If a plow ox, a draft horse, a cow, or a mare strays into another corral, if a trained he-goat, a ewe, or a wether strays into another pen, and its owner finds it, he shall take it back in full. He shall not have the pen’s owner arrested as a thief.…

70 If anyone steals an ox, a horse, a mule, or an ass, when its owner claims it, [he shall take] it in full. In addition the thief shall give to him double. He shall look to his house for it.

71 If anyone finds an ox, a horse, or a mule, he shall drive it to the king’s gate. If he finds it in the country, they shall present it to the elders. The finder shall harness it (i.e., use it while it is in his custody). When its owner finds it, he shall take it in full but he shall not have the finder arrested as a thief. But if the finder does not present it to the elders, he shall be considered a thief.

72 If an ox is found dead on someone’s property, the property-owner shall give 2 oxen. He shall look to his house for it.…

74 If anyone breaks the horn or leg of an ox, he shall take that ox for himself and give an ox in good condition to the owner of the injured ox. If the owner of the ox says: “I will take my own ox,” he shall take his ox, and the offender shall pay 2 shekels of silver.

75 If anyone hitches up an ox, a horse, a mule or an ass, and it dies, [or] a wolf devours [it], or it gets lost, he shall give it in full. But if he says: “It died by the hand of a god,” he shall take an oath to that effect.

76 If anyone impresses an ox, a horse, a mule or an ass, and it dies at his place, he shall bring it and shall pay its rent also.

77a If anyone strikes a pregnant cow, so that it miscarries, he shall pay 2 shekels of silver. If anyone strikes a pregnant horse, so that it miscarries, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.

77b If anyone blinds the eye of an ox or an ass, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

78 If anyone rents an ox and then puts on it a leather … or a leather … , and its owner finds it he shall give 50 liters of barley.

79 If oxen enter another man’s field, and the field’s owner finds them, he may hitch them up for one day until the stars come out Then he shall drive them back to their owner.

80 If any shepherd throws a sheep to a wolf, its owner shall take the meat, but the shepherd shall take the sheepskin.

81 If anyone steals a fattened pig, they used to pay 40 shekels of silver. But now he shall pay 12 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.…

87 If anyone strikes the dog of a herdsman a lethal blow, he shall pay 20 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.…

91 [If] anyone [steals bees] in a swarm, [formerly] they paid [ … shekels of silver], but now he shall pay 5 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

92 [If] anyone steals [2] or 3 bee hives, formerly the offender would have been exposed to bee-sting. But now he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. If anyone steals a bee-hive, if there are no bees in the hive, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.

93 If they seize a free man at the outset, before he enters the house, he shall pay 12 shekels of silver. If they seize a slave at the outset, before he enters the house, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver.

94 If a free man burglarizes a house, he shall pay in full. Formerly they paid 40 shekels of silver as fine for the theft, but now [he shall pay] 12 shekels of silver. If he steals much, they will impose much upon him. If he steals little, they shall impose little upon him. He shall look to his house for it.

95 If a slave burglarizes a house, he shall pay in full. He shall pay 6 shekels of silver for the theft. He shall disfigure the nose and ears of the slave and they will give him back to his owner. If he steals much, they will impose much upon him; if he steals little, they will impose little upon him. [If] his owner says: “I will make compensation for him,” then he shall make it. But [if] he refuses, he shall lose that slave.

96 If a free man breaks into a grain storage pit, and finds grain in the storage pit, he shall fill the storage pit with grain and pay 12 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

97 If a slave breaks into a grain storage pit, and finds grain in the storage pit, he shall fill the storage pit with grain and pay 6 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

98 If a free man sets fire to a house, he shall rebuild [the house]. And whatever perished in the house—whether it is persons, [cattle, or sheep], it is damage(?). He shall make compensation for it.

99 If a slave sets fire to a house, his owner shall make compensation for him, and they shall disfigure the slave’s nose and ears and return him to his owner. But if the owner will not make compensation, he shall forfeit that slave.

100 If anyone sets fire to a shed, he shall feed his (the owner’s) cattle and bring them through to the following spring. He shall give back the shed. If there was no straw in it, he shall (simply) rebuild the shed.

101 If anyone steals a vine, a vine branch, a … , or an onion/garlic, formerly [they paid] one shekel of silver for one vine and one shekel of silver for a vine branch, one shekel of silver [for one karpina, one] shekel of silver for one clove of garlic. And they shall strike a spear on his […] [Formerly] they proceeded so. But now if he is a free man, he shall pay 6 shekels [of silver]. But if he is a slave, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.…

104 [If] anyone cuts down a pear(?) tree or plum(?) tree, he shall pay [… shekels] of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

105 [If] anyone sets [fire] to a field, and the fire catches a vineyard with fruit on its vines, if a vine, an apple tree, a pear(?) tree or a plum tree burns, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver for each tree. He shall replant [the planting]. And he shall look to his house for it. If it is a slave, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver for each tree.

106 If anyone carries embers into his field, catches(??) it while in fruit, and ignites the field, he who sets the fire shall himself take the burnt-over field. He shall give a good field to the owner of the burnt-over field, and he will reap it.

107 If a person lets his sheep into a productive vineyard, and ruins it, if it has fruit on the vines, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver for each 3,600 square meters. But if it is bare, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.

108 If anyone steals vine branches from a fenced-in vineyard, if he steals 100 vines, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it. But if the vineyard is not fenced in, and he steals vine branches, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.

109 If anyone cuts off fruit trees from their irrigation ditch, if there are 100 trees, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver.

110 If anyone steals clay from a pit, [however much] he steals, he shall give the same amount in addition.

111 [If] anyone forms clay for [an image] (for magical purposes), it is sorcery and a case for the king’s court.

112 [If] they give [to an arnuwalaš-man] the land of a man having a TUKUL-obligation who has disappeared, [for 3 years] they shall perform no [šahhan-services], but in the fourth year he shall begin to perform šahhan-services and join the men having TUKUL-obligations.

113 [If] anyone cuts down a vine, he shall take the cut-down [vine] for himself and give to the owner of the vine the use of a good vine. The original owner of the cut-down vine shall gather fruit from the new vine [until] his own vine recovers.…

121 If some free man steals a plow, and its owner finds it, he shall put [(the offender’s) neck] upon the … , and [he shall be put to death] by the oxen. So they proceeded formerly. But now he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it. If it is a slave, [he shall pay] 3 shekels of silver.

122 If anyone steals a wagon with all its accessories, initially they paid one shekel of silver, [but now] he shall pay [… shekels of silver]. He shall look [to his] house [for it].…

124 If anyone steals a … tree, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it. If anyone loads a wagon, [leaves] it in his field, and someone steals it, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

125 If anyone steals a wooden water trough, he shall pay […] + one shekel of silver. If anyone steals a leather … or a leather … , he shall pay one shekel of silver.

126 If anyone steals a wooden … in the gate of the palace, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. If anyone steals a bronze spear in the gate of the palace, he shall be put to death. If anyone steals a copper pin, he shall give 25 liters of barley. If anyone steals the threads (or strands of wool) of one bolt of cloth, he shall give one bolt of woolen cloth.

127 If anyone steals a door in a quarrel, he shall replace everything that may get lost in the house, and he shall pay 40 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.

128 If anyone steals bricks, however many he steals, he shall give the same number a second time over. If [anyone] steals stones from a foundation, for 2 stones he shall give 10 stones. If anyone steals a stela or a … stone, he shall pay 2 shekels of silver.

129 If anyone steals a leather … , a leather … , a […], or a bronze bell(?) a horse or a mule, formerly they paid 40 shekels of silver, but now [he shall pay] 12 shekels of silver. He shall look to his house for it.…

131 If [anyone steals] a leather harness(?), he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. [He shall look to his house for it.]

132 If a free man [steals … , he shall pay] 6 shekels of silver. [He shall look to his house for it.] If he is a slave, [he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.] …

143 If a free man [steals] copper shears(?) [or] a copper nail file(?), he shall pay 6 shekels of silver. [He shall look to] his house [for it]. If it is a slave, he shall pay 3 shekels of silver.

144 If a barber gives copper [… s] to his associate, and the latter ruins them, he shall replace [them] in full If anyone cuts fine cloth with a … , he shall pay 10 shekels of silver. If anyone cuts […], he shall pay 5 shekels of silver.

145 If anyone builds an ox barn, his employer shall pay him 6 shekels of silver. [If] he leaves out […], he shall forfeit his wage.

146a If anyone offers a house, a village, a garden or a pasture for sale, and another goes and obstructs(?) the sale, and makes a sale of his own instead, as a fine for his offense he shall pay 40 shekels of silver, and buy [the …] at the original prices.

146b [If] anyone offers a […] person for sale, and another person obstructs(?) the sale, for his offense he shall pay 10 shekels of silver. He shall buy the person at the original prices.

147 [If] anyone offers an unskilled person for sale, and another person obstructs(?) the sale, as the fine for his offense he shall pay 5 shekels of silver.

148 [If] anyone [offers] an ox, a horse, a mule, or an ass [for sale], and another person preempts(?), as the fine for his offense he shall pay … shekels of silver.

149 If anyone sells a trained person, and (afterwards, before delivery) says: “He has died,” but his (new) owner tracks him down, he shall take him for himself, and in addition the seller shall give 2 persons to him. He shall look to his house for it.

150 If a man hires himself out for wages, his employer [shall pay … shekels of silver] for [one month. If a woman] hires herself out for wages, her employer [shall pay … shekels] for one month.

151 If anyone rents a plow ox, [he shall pay] one shekel [of silver] for one month. [If] anyone rents a […, he shall pay] a half shekel of silver for one month.

152 If anyone rents a horse, a mule, or an ass, he shall pay one shekel of silver [for one month].

157 If a bronze axe weighs 1.54 kg, its rent shall be one shekel of silver for one month. If a copper axe weighs 0.77 kg, its rent shall be ½ shekel of silver for one month. If a bronze …-tool weighs 0.5 kg, its rent shall be ½ shekel of silver for one month.

158a If a free man hires himself out for wages, to bind sheaves, load them on wagons, deposit them in barns, and clear the threshing floors, his wages for 3 months shall be 1,500 liters of barley.

158b If a woman hires herself out for wages in the harvest season, her wages shall be 600 liters of barley for 3 months’ work.

159 If anyone hitches up a team of oxen for one day, its rent shall be 25 liters of barley.

160a If a smith makes a copper box weighing 1½ minas, his wages shall be 5,000 liters of barley.

160b If he makes a bronze axe weighing 2 minas, his wages shall be 50 liters of wheat.

161 If he makes a copper axe weighing one mina, his wages shall be 50 liters of barley.

162a If anyone diverts an irrigation ditch, he shall pay one shekel of silver. If anyone stealthily takes water from an irrigation ditch, he/it is …ed. If he takes water at a point below the other’s branch, it is his to use.

162b [If] anyone takes […], whosoever […] he prepares, […]. [If] anyone […s] sheep from a pasture, [… will be] the compensation, and he shall give its hide and meat.

163 If anyone’s animals go crazy(?), and he performs a purification ritual upon them, and drives them back home, and he puts the mud(?) (used in the ritual) on the mud pile(?), but doesn’t tell his colleague, so that the colleague doesn’t know, and drives his own animals there, and they die, there will be compensation.

164 If anyone goes to someone’s house to impress something, starts a quarrel, and breaks either the sacrificial bread or the libation vessel.

165 he shall give one sheep, 10 loaves of bread, and one jug of … beer, and reconsecrate his house. Until [a year’s] time has passed he shall keep away from his house.

166 If anyone sows his own seed on top of another man’s seed, his neck shall be placed upon a plow. They shall hitch up 2 teams of oxen: they shall turn the faces of one team one way and the other team the other. Both the offender and the oxen will be put to death, and the party who first sowed the field shall reap it for himself. This is the way they used to proceed.

167 But now they shall substitute one sheep for the man and 2 sheep for the oxen. He shall give 30 loaves of bread and 3 jugs of … beer, and reconsecrate (the land?). And he who sowed the field first shall reap it.

168 If anyone violates the boundary of a field and takes one furrow off the neighbor’s field, the owner of the violated field shall cut off a strip of his neighbor’s land 0.25 meter deep along their common boundary and take it for himself. He who violated the boundary shall give one sheep, 10 loaves, and one jug of … beer and reconsecrate the field.

169 If anyone buys a field and violates the boundary, he shall take a thick loaf and break it to the Sungod [and] say: “You …ed my scales into the ground” And he shall speak thus: “O Sungod, O Stormgod. No quarrel (was intended).”

170 If a free man kills a snake, and speaks another’s name, he shall pay 40 shekels of silver. If it is a slave, he alone shall be put to death.

171 If a mother removes her son’s garment she is disinheriting her sons. If her son comes back into her house (i.e., is reinstated), he/she takes her door and removes it, he/she takes her … and her … and removes them, in this way she takes them (i.e., the sons) back; she makes her son her son again.

172 If anyone preserves a free man’s life in a year of famine, the saved man shall give a substitute for himself. If it is a slave, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver.

173a If anyone rejects a judgment of the king, his house will become a heap of ruins. If anyone rejects a judgment of a magistrate, they shall cut off his head.

173b If a slave rebels against his owner, he shall go into a clay jar.

174 If men are hitting each other, and one of them dies, the other shall give one slave.

175 If either a shepherd or a foreman takes a free woman in marriage, she will become a slave after either two or four years. They shall … her children, but no one shall seize their belts.

176a If anyone keeps a bull outside a corral, it shall be a case for the king’s court They shall sell the bull. A bull is an animal that is capable of breeding in its third year. A plow ox, a ram, and a he-goat are animals that are capable of breeding in their third year.

176b If anyone buys a trained artisan: either a potter, a smith, a carpenter, a leather-worker, a fuller, a weaver, or a maker of leggings, he shall pay 10 shekels of silver.

177 If anyone buys a man trained as an augur(?), he shall pay 25 shekels of silver. If anyone buys an unskilled man or woman, he shall pay 20 shekels of silver.

178 The price of a plow ox is 12 shekels of silver. The price of a bull is 10 shekels of silver. The price of a full-grown cow is 7 shekels of silver. The price of a yearling plow ox or cow is 5 shekels of silver. The price of a weaned calf is 4 shekels of silver. If the cow is pregnant with a calf, the price is 8 shekels of silver. The price of one calf is 2 (variant: 3) shekels of silver. The price of one stallion, one mare, one male donkey, and one female donkey are the same.…

187 If a man has sexual relations with a cow, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing: he will be put to death. They shall conduct him to the king’s court. Whether the king orders him killed or spares his life, he shall not appear before the king (lest he defile the royal person).

188 If a man has sexual relations with a sheep, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing: he will be put to death. They will conduct him [to the] king’s [court]. The king may have him executed, or may spare his life. But he shall not appear before the king.

189 If a man has sexual relations with his own mother, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing. If a man has sexual relations with his daughter, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing. If a man has sexual relations with his son, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing.

190 If they … with the dead—man, woman—it is not an offense. If a man has sexual relations with his stepmother, it is not an offense. But if his father is still living, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing.

191 If a free man sleeps with free sisters who have the same mother and with their mother—one in one country and the other in another, it is not an offense. But if it happens in the same location, and he knows the women are related, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing.

192 If a man’s wife dies, [he may take her] sister [as his wife.] It is not an offense.

193 If a man has a wife, and the man dies, his brother shall take his widow as wife. (If the brother dies,) his father shall take her. When afterwards his father dies, his (i.e., the father’s) brother shall take the woman whom he had.

194 If a free man sleeps with slave women who have the same mother and with their mother, it is not an offense. If brothers sleep with a free woman, it is not an offense. If father and son sleep with the same female slave or prostitute, it is not an offense.

195a If a man sleeps with his brother’s wife, while his brother is alive, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing.

195b If a free man has a free woman in marriage and approaches her daughter sexually, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing.

195c If he has the daughter in marriage and approaches her mother or her sister sexually, it is an unpermitted sexual pairing.

196 If anyone’s male and female slaves enter into unpermitted sexual pairings, they shall move them elsewhere: they shall settle one in one city and one in another. A sheep shall be offered in place of one and a sheep in place of the other.

197 If a man seizes a woman in the mountains (and rapes her), it is the man’s offense, but if he seizes her in her house, it is the woman’s offense: the woman shall die. If the woman’s husband discovers them in the act, he may kill them without committing a crime.

198 If he brings them to the palace gate (i.e., the royal court) and says: “My wife shall not die,” he can spare his wife’s life, but he must also spare the lover and ‘clothe his head.’ If he says, “Both of them shall die,” they shall ‘roll the wheel.’ The king may have them killed or he may spare them.

199 If anyone has sexual relations with a pig or a dog, he shall die. He shall bring him to the palace gate (i.e., the royal court). The king may have them (i.e., the human and the animal) killed or he may spare them, but the human shall not approach the king. If an ox leaps on a man (in sexual excitement), the ox shall die; the man shall not die. They shall substitute one sheep for the man and put it to death. If a pig leaps on a man (in sexual excitement), it is not an offense.

200a If a man has sexual relations with either a horse or a mule, it is not an offense, but he shall not approach the king, nor shall he become a priest. If anyone sleeps with an arnuwalaš-woman, and also sleeps with her mother, it is not an offense.

200b If anyone gives his son for training either as a carpenter or a smith, a weaver or a leatherworker or a fuller, he shall pay 6 shekels of silver as the fee for the training. If the teacher makes him an expert, the student shall give to his teacher one person.