John P. Davis: “A Black Inventory of the New Deal”

Glossary

• A. F. of L. the American Federation of Labor, an umbrella organization for labor unions
• Agricultural Adjustment Administration a federal agency created by the Agricultural Adjustment Act that paid farmers to reduce crop production to raise prices
• All India Congress of British India the All India Congress Committee, which led the struggle for Indian independence from British rule
• code-making process a reference to Title I, Section 3, of the National Industrial Recovery Act, which permitted trade or industrial associations to seek presidential approval of codes of fair competition
• Dred Scott decision a reference to the 1858 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sandford, which denied citizenship rights to African Americans
• Garvey Movement a reference to the black nationalism of Marcus Garvey, the founder of the United Negro Improvement Association
• homestead land acquired from U.S. public lands by filing a record and living on and cultivating it
• New Deal the name given to the legislative programs of the Franklin Roosevelt administration to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression
• N.R.A. the National Recovery Administration, created by the National Industrial Recovery Act; enacted changes in the American economy but was declared unconstitutional in 1935
• open shop place of employment where the employee is not required to join or pay dues to a labor union as a condition of hiring or continued employment
• P.W.A. Public Works Administration: a New Deal agency created to provide funds for public-works projects to increase employment during the Great Depression
• relief welfare payments