Virginia’s Act XII: Negro Women’s Children to Serve according to the Condition of the Mother

Further Reading

Articles

• Billings, Warren M. “The Cases of Fernando and Elizabeth Key: A Note on the Status of Blacks in Seventeenth-Century Virginia.” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 30, no. 3 (July 1973): 467–474.
• Mumford, Kevin. “After Hugh: Statutory Race Segregation in Colonial America, 1630–1725.” American Journal of Legal History 43, no. 3 (July 1999): 280–305.
• Zackodnik, Teresa. “Fixing the Color Line: The Mulatto, Southern Courts, and Racial Identity.” American Quarterly 53, no. 3 (September 2001): 420–451.

Books

• Berkin, Carol, and Leslie Horowitz, eds. Women’s Voices, Women’s Lives: Documents in Early American History. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998.
• Blackburn, Robin. The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800. London: Verso/New Left Books, 1997.
• Hatfield, April Lee. Atlantic Virginia: Intercolonial Relations in the Seventeenth Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
• Horn, James. Adapting to the New World: English Society in the Seventeenth-Century Chesapeake. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994.
• Jordon Winthrop D. White over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550–1812. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.
• Mancall, Peter C., ed. The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
• Morgan, Edmund. American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia. New York: W. W. Norton, 1975.
• Morgan, Kenneth. Slavery and Servitude in Colonial North America: A Short History. New York: New York University Press, 2001.
• Parent, Anthony S., Jr. Foul Means: The Formation of a Slave Society in Virginia, 1660–1740. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

Web Sites

• Billings, Warren M. “Sir William Berkeley.” Virtual Jamestown “Jamestown Interpretive Essays” Web site. http://www.virtualjamestown.org/essays/.
• Hening, William Waller. “Hening’s Statutes at Large.” VaGenWeb Web site. http://www.vagenweb.org/hening/.