Treaty of Lausanne

Glossary

• Balkan wars of 1912–13 wars over the possession of European territories of the Ottoman Empire
• Capitulations in Turkey agreements whereby Ottoman sultans granted rights and privileges to foreign nationals living or doing business in Ottoman territories
• concessionary contracts in this context, contracts entered into by foreign nationals who have been granted the right to engage in profitable activities in the described territories
• gendarmerie and police authorities responsible for security in the countryside and in the city, respectively
• General Act of Berlin an agreement made at Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 that regulated European colonization and trade in Africa
• General Act and Declaration of Brussels a bill enacted on July 2, 1890, at the Brussels Conference and signed by seventeen world powers, abolishing slave trafficking from Africa
• Hedjaz region bordering on the Red Sea that includes the sacred Muslim sites Mecca and Medina
• phylloxera any of several species of plant lice
• Scheldt a navigable river that flows through France, Belgium, and the Netherlands
• spiritual attributions rights accruing to Muslim authorities because Islam is a religion
• Wakfs property grants for religious or charitable purposes