Benito Mussolini: “The Doctrine of Fascism”

Glossary

• Bernstein the German Social Democrat Eduard Bernstein (1880–1932), who broke with the Marxists over whether a Socialist revolution could be achieved without violence
• Convention here, the French legislative assembly that was sitting during the Revolutionary year of 1793
• de Maistre Joseph-Marie, comte de Maistre (1753–1821); a highly conservative French philosopher
• ecclesiolatry an absolute insistence on the primacy of the church
• Fasci di Combattimento literally, fighting leagues; local Fascist groups, the first having been founded by Mussolini in 1919
• Fasci of Revolutionary Action umbrella organization of Italian Socialist groups that favored the country’s entry into World War I
• in fieri in the process of becoming
• Holy Alliance coalition created in 1815 in which Russia, Austria, and Prussia sought to keep at bay the forces of democracy, revolution, and secularism
• Olivetti’s … , Orano’s … , Leone’s … works Mussolini admired by the Italian syndicalists Angelo Olivetti, Paolo Orano, and Enrico Leone, though he came to later disagree to varying extents with the authors
• Partito Popolare a political party formed in 1919, with a Catholic-oriented agenda but with no support from the Vatican and which first opposed Socialists in general and later Mussolini
• Piazza San Sepolcro the location, in Milan, of the meeting Mussolini spoke to that has been called the founding moment of Fascism
• Pius XI the pope whose actions favoring Mussolini were rewarded by lenience on the part of the Fascist government toward Catholic education and institutions
• [Il] Popolo d’Italia [The] People of Italy, the newspaper Mussolini founded in 1914
• prior to 1789 before the French Revolution